Class IV: SCIENCE [Ch-5 Food- Our Basic Needs]

Define the terms

1. Nutrients- Substances essential for the proper growth and functioning of the body.

2. Balanced Diet- A diet that contains all the essential nutrients in the correct amount.

Answer in one line

1. Name the fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Ans. Fat-soluble Vitamins- Vitamins A, D, E, and K Water-soluble Vitamins- vitamins B and C.

2. What are the five main nutrients that our body requires?

Ans. The five main nutrients are- Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, and Proteins.

3. How are proteins useful?

Ans. Proteins build, maintain, and replace the tissues in our bodies. They are also known as bodybuilding nutrients. 

Answer in short

1. Write the function and sources of the following.

i) Calcium- Helps in building strong, healthy bones and teeth. Ex- milk, and cheese.

ii) Iodine- Helps in the production of thyroid hormone. Eg- Iodized salt.

Q2. What is the function of fats in the body? Write its sources.

Ans. Fats act as the body's reserve tank of energy. It protects vital organs by providing cushioning. It also keeps the body warm. Eg- Butter, Oil, Cheese.

Q3. Why water is essential for our body?

Ans. Water is essential for all essential functions-

i) It helps in digestion and the elimination of waste.

ii) it makes up more than half of our body weight.

Answer in detail

Q1. How does roughage in the diet help us?

Ans. Roughage or fiber is helpful in the diet as-

i) It helps food pass easily through the digestive system.

ii) It helps in preventing constipation.

iii) It helps to maintain body weight.

Q2. Why should we not have junk food too often?

Ans. We should not have junk food too often because it causes-

i) Obesity

ii) Digestive problems.

iii) Fatigue and weakness.

iv) It May affect the kidney, liver, and other organs.

Q3. What is preservation? Name the methods by which we preserve our food.

Ans. Food preservation is the method of keeping food healthy for a longer time. The methods by which we preserve our food are as follows-

i) Canning

ii) Salting

iii) Pickling

iv) Freezing

v) Drying

Give Reason

1. Tia is 4 years old. Give two reasons why she needs to have a good amount of proteins.

Ans. For proper body growth and immune system.

2. Why do we need to drink more water in hot weather and after exercising?

Ans. To replace the excessive water lost due to sweating.

3. Can you say why is it important to boil milk before consuming it?

Ans. Because boiling kills harmful germs.

Chapter Completed

Class IV: Science [Ch-4 Where Animals Live- Adaptations]

Define the terms

1. Habitat- The natural home of an animal is called habitat.

2. Migration- When animals leave their habitat for another one that has better climatic conditions.

3. Terrestrial animals- Animals that live on land are called terrestrial animals.

Answer in one line

1. What is hibernation?

Ans. A long winter sleep of animals to escape from cold weather conditions is called hibernation.

2. What are amphibians?

Ans. Animals that can live both on land and on the water are called amphibians.

3. What is blubber?

Ans. Animals like polar bears, penguins, etc have a thick layer of fat under their skin called blubber. This layer protects them from extreme cold.  

4. What is echolocation?

Ans. It is the ability to observe an environment using sound. 

Answer in short

1. Why do birds migrate?

Ans. Due to extreme weather conditions, some birds migrate from one place to another in search of food and shelter eg- arctic tern.

2. What is camouflage? How does it protect animals?

Ans. Camouflage is the ability to blend into the surrounding environment. It protects the animal as it acts in self-defense and protects them from enemies eg- chameleon, zebra, etc.

3. How does a puffer fish protect itself?

Ans. Pufferfish can inflate into a ball shape to evade predators. Some species also have spines on their skin to ward off predators. It is also known as blowfish.

Answer in detail 

1. Differentiate between aerial and arboreal animals.

Ans.      Arboreal animals                                                            Aerial animals

    1.     They spend most of their                                                 They spend most of their 

            time on trees                                                                     time in the air.

    2.     They have claws, strong                                                  They have light bodies covered with 

            arms, and legs to climb.                                                   feathers.                             

    3.     Their bones are dense and                                                Their bones are hollow and higher.

            heavier.                                                                             Eg- birds, bats, etc

    4.     Eg- monkeys, squirrels, etc

2. What is adaptation? Why do animals need to adapt?

Ans. The special feature that helps the animals to live and grow in their environment is adaptation. It is needed so that animals can survive the climatic conditions of the ecosystem, predators, and other species that compete for the same food and place.

Give reason

1. Tick the odd one and say why.

i) Frog            ii) fish            iii) Salamander

Ans. Fish. Because fish and salamander are amphibians and fish is an aquatic animal.

2. Penguine has dark-colored feathers.

Ans. To observe the sun's heat to keep it warm.

3. Whale is a mammal.

Ans. It gives birth directly to young ones and they breathe through the lungs.