Class V: Science [Ch-5 Health and Hygiene]

 Define the terms:

1. Nutrients- Main components of food which are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins.

2. Balanced diet -Diet with the right amount of nutrients that a body requires is called a balanced diet.

3. Hygiene- The practice of keeping ourselves and our environment clean to prevent diseases is called hygiene.

4. Vaccine- Any substance which is used to stimulate the production of antibodies in terms of providing immunity against one or a few diseases is called a vaccine.

Answer in one line. 

1. Which nutrients are known as protective food?

Ans. Vitamins and Minerals are known as protective food.

2. Name the important components needed by the body apart from nutrients?

Ans. Roughage and water are also needed by the body.

3. Why should we maintain proper distance while reading a book?

Ans. Because keeping the book too close or too far can strain our eyes.

4. What is a computer virus?

Ans. A computer virus is a sneaky program that creates and sends to mess up other people's computers.

5. What is the role of roughage in our body?

Ans. Roughage helps in removal of undigested food from our body.

Answer in short.

1. Name the five components of a balanced diet?

Ans. The five components of a balanced diet are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins, roughage and water.

2. Why is it important to drink water?

Ans. It helps in proper digestion of food and it helps to maintain body temprature.

3. What are defeciency diseases?

Ans. Diseases that are caused by the lock of certain nutrients are called deficiency diseases that cannot spread from one person to another hence are called communicable diseases Eg- Scurvy and rickets.

4. How is jaundice caused?

Ans. Jaundice can be caused by drinking contaminated water.

5. How much should be the protein intake of a child weighing 30 Kg?

Ans. Children need one and a half times the protein of their body weight so if a child is 30 Kg then he needs to take 45 gram of protein daily.

Answer in detail 

1. How do you prevent communicable diseases?

Ans. i)Purified water should be used for drinking

ii)Hands should be washed frequently with soap and water.

iii)Cooked food should be covered so that flies do not sit on them.

iv)Water should not be stagnantany anywhere around the house.

2. Explain the different ways in which we get communicable diseases?

Ans. Communicable diseases are spread by bacteria, protozoa, viruses and fungi. The germs enter the body of a person through

i) Air

ii) Food and water

iii) Direct contact with sick person 

iv) Animals and insects

v) Infected equipment. 

3. Why should we exercise?

Ans. i) Regular exercise tones up our muscles.

ii) It improves the blood circulation in our body.

iii) When we exercise more oxygen is taken in.

iv) More carbon dioxide and water vapor is taken out.

4. Differentiate communicable and non communicable diseases?

Ans. Communicable Diseases Non-Communicable Diseases

1.It can pass on from infected It can not pass from one person to 

 people to healthy people. another.

2.These can spread through These diseases are caused by lack of 

direct contact, water, food, certain nutrients and are also called a

etc. As deficiency diseases.

3. They can be cured by They can be cured by eating food 

 vaccines. rich in certain nutrients.

4. Eg. Malaria, Typhoid and Eg. Rickets, Scurvy and Berryberry.

 Covid 19

Give Reason:

1. We should wash our hands properly before cooking food.

Ans. To remove germs.

2. Why should we take milk in case of bone fracture?

Ans. Because milk is rich in proteins and calcium proteins help us to grow and repair our body cells.

Story based question 

Supriya loves to eat aloo paratha with butter. She spends all her time playing video games. The doctor tells her parents that she is becoming overweight.

1. Why do you think Supriya is becoming overweight?

Ans. i) Because she is consuming too much of fats.

ii) She is not exercising daily.

2. What would you suggest Supriya to do.

Ans. i) She should start eating a balanced diet.

ii) She should cut nonfat intake.

iii) She should exercise regularly. 

3. What should she eat in place of aloo paratha and butter?

Ans. She should eat fresh fruits and milk, cereals along with the milk and juice in place of aloo paratha and butters.

CHAPTER COMPLETED