Class X: Economics [Ch-1 Development]

DIFFERENT PERSONS CAN HAVE DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS.WHAT MAY BE DEVELOPMENT FOR ONE MAY NOT BE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE OTHER.

For example

Industrialist want more dams in the country but a tribal people want small tanks for irrigation

Thus , persons or groups of people may seek things which are conflicting.

INCOME AND OTHER GOALS

*Besides seeking more income, One May seek things like equal treatment, freedom  and respect of others.

*They may resent discrimination.

*Money can buy many things on which our life depends.

* But it cannot buy everything.

*Money cannot buy hunger though we have good food.

* It cannot buy good sleep though we have cosy beds.

Considered an example:-

If you get a job in a far off place before accepting it you would consider many factors ,apart from income.

You would consider facilities for your family working atmosphere ,opportunities to learn, security.

FOR DEVELOPMENT, PEOPLE MAY LOOK AT MIX OF GOALS.

Development for the whole nation is called national development.

HOW TO COMPARE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OR STATES

we take one or more important characteristics to compare various things.

To compare countries, income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.

Trees with higher income are more developed than others with less income.

For comparison between countries total income is not a useful measure because countries have different populations total income will not tell what will be the average earning of the person.

So we compare average income.

It is the total income of the country divided by the total population.

It is also called as per capita income.

In world development report the criteria used in classifying countries.

countries with per capita income of rupees 453000 per annum and above are called rich countries and those which one thirty seven thousand rupees or less are called low income industries.

The World Bank report considered only Per Capita income as its basis.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT

Considers per capita income educational levels of the people and their health status..

INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)-

Number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that year.

LITERACY RATE

Proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.

NET ATTENDANCE RATIO

the total number of children of age group 6 to 10 years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same group.

BMI(BODY MASS INDEX)

Take the weight of a person in kg e and divide by the square of height in metres.
If this BMI is more than 25 when a person is overweight.
If this is less than 18.5 then the person would be considered undernourished.

SUSTAINABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT

-We should be able to use resources for our future , do development without harming the environment.

- It is a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.