Class X:Geography [Ch-3 Water Resources]

 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

 (Q1) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.

Ans. -All the water that is being used mainly drains up in the sea.

 -From there on, it enters a hydro-logical cycle in the form of water vapour. 

-When precipitation occurs, it renews the freshwater. 

Therefore, water is a renewable resource. 

(Q2) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?

Ans. Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet water needs of a region. 

It is caused due to an increase in population, which leads to growing demand for water and unequal access to it.

(Q3) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multipurpose river projects.

Ans: Advantages.

 Multipurpose river projects help in irrigation, electricity production, flood control, inland navigation and fish breeding.

Disadvantages 

 the reservoirs destroy local flora and fauna.

Many native villages are submerged and people lose their livelihood, with little or no hope of rehabilitation.

 Answer the following questions in about 100 words.

Q4) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out. 

Ans. Tankas: They consist of traditionally constructed tanks for storing drinking water. 

They are big and are a part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system. 

The tanks are mainly constructed inside the house or the courtyard, and are connected to the sloping of the houses through a pipe. 

The first spell of rain is not collected as this water cleans the roof and the pipes. 

The rainwater from the subsequent spells is collected. This water is a reliable source till the next rainy season, after the other sources have dried. 

It also helps in cooling the houses as rooms built around them have generally low tempera due to conduction.

(Q5) Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water. 

Ans. The rooftop method is considered to be a traditional method of rainwater harvest which is becoming popular in India. 

In Gendathur village, Mysore, about 200 households have adapted the rooftop rainwater harvesting method, thereby making the village rich in rainwater. 

The state of Tamil Nadu has made it compulsory for all the houses to have rooftop rainwater harvesting structures.

Q6). What are the main factors of river pollution in India?

-India's rivers, especially the smaller ones, have turned into toxic streams. even the big one like Ganga are far from being pure 

- The assault on Indian rivers is from the population growth. It increases the pollution. 

-Besides that, other culprits are the modernization of agriculture, urbanization and the growth of industries.

-The chemical fertilizers and the effluents from industries on the river banks are responsible for its pollution.

Q7) Why did Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaim the dams as the temples of modern India.

 Ans. Multipurpose projects launched after independence with their integrated water management approach, were thought of as the vehicle that would lead the nation to develop and progress. Jawaharlal Nehru proclaimed the dams as the temples of modern India as it would integrate the development of agriculture and village economy with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy. 

Q8). Explain the river-water dispute between the states of India.

Ans. Major river-water disputes are as follows:

1 Krishna-Godavari dispute- It is due to the objections raised by the governments of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. It is regarding the diversion of more water at Koyna by the Maharashtra government for a multipurpose project. This would reduce downstream flow in their states with adverse consequences for agriculture and industry. 

2 Kaveri issue- between the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

3 Yamuna water dispute between Haryana and Delhi governments regarding the use of water. 

Q9 "India is heading towards water scarcity." Trace the possible solutions to tackle problem.

Ans. The major concern now in the country is water scarcity, which can be tackled with the following methods:

i) Interlinking of the rivers.

(ii) Rainfall in India is the second highest, i.e., after Brazil. But the distribution is highly uneven.Certain channelling by oil companies can solve the problem of distribution of water.

iii) Third major problem causing water scarcity is pollution, which can be tackled with the help of 3R (reduce waste, reuse waste, recycle waste) as waste is nothing but unused resources.

(iv) Overuse and wastage of water in day to day life activities need to be controlled. 

(v) Thermal pollution needs to be reduced.

 

(vi) Bottled water or water packaging industries need to be dominated by strong hands and laws regarding extraction of groundwater should be there. 

(vii) Over irrigation and agricultural industry need to consider the decreasing trend of groundwater 

(viii) India is a land of festivals. All idols that are worshipped during festivals are thrown in rivers, causing pollution that needs to be tackled.

(ix) Proper disposal of waste, otherwise leaches may pollute groundwater. 

(x) Rainwater harvesting and Bamboo drip irrigation systems can help a lot.