Sports
The world of sports is persistently changing over the years. The technological changes in the field of sports has made a significant impact on different games and sports. The new technological changings in the field of games and sports have caused a significant improvement in performance over the past forty years. The research literature shows how the simple change in running surface and the use of starting blocks has revolutionised the times of running events in Olympics during the last century. Nowadays, technological advancements are helping sportspersons in improving their sports performance. They can make tasks quicker and simpler, improve efficiency, give more data and make it possible to do the things that were once impossible. Sports scientists have discovered various ways of using technology to help athletes enhance various aspects of their performance. Each of these has something different to offer athletes/sportspersons, such as performance data, healthy or lifestyle information, increasing speed or strength and many other useful aspects. Sports genetics, video technology, individual data analytics, hydrodynamics, respiratory monitoring, team performance analytics, sleep monitoring, virtual reality, preventing injury, smart clothing, biomechanical technology, wearable gears, sports equipment, playing surface and other technological advancements. Some of the technological advancements in the sports are stated below which are beneficial in improving the sports performance.
Playing Surface
There are different types of playing surfaces on which athletes/ sportspersons take part in games and sports, e.g., natural grass, wooden, asphalt, cemented, artificial turf, rubber, PVC, polymeric, synthetic sponge and cinder, etc. Such a playing surface provides safety and resiliency as well as protection to the athletes/sportspersons. Nowadays, owing to technological advancement, tracks, runways in throwing and jumping events, gymnastics, tennis courts and multipurpose courts are covered with above mentioned materials. Modern technology has made a dramatic change in the area of sports and games. The development of new and advanced materials has made the game efficient and injury less. It also improved the performance of athletes. Primarily artificial surfaces are less prone to injury. It psychologically strengthens the athletes. It also allows them fear-free to play with full potential. Synthetic surfaces have become more ordinary at most of the places. Some aspects of sports performance such as speed appear to be far better on artificial surfaces. It is a well-known fact that all games and sports are physically challenging for athletes, and like any other physical activity, injuries are always a concern. So, the right type of sports surfaces are the most effective ways to avoid sports injury. The most significant characteristic of a playing surface which may be related to sports performance is to give the maximum output by using less energy. Playing surface also increases the efficiency as well as the life of ankles and knees by providing appropriate shock absorber between the body and playing surface.
Wearable Gears and Sports Equipment
Playing games and sports without wearing proper gears can be very dangerous in today's competitive world. Wearing proper gears definitely reduces the chances of getting injured. It also enables athletes to focus on the game/ sports and not to worry about accidents that might occur during the competition or training. Injuries can cause missed practices depending on the severity of injury. By wearing proper gears, an athlete may give himself a best chance to reach his full potential in the sports. Whatever sports you play it becomes your top priority to protect yourself from getting injured. There are various gears such as helmets, kneepading, mouth guards.. etc. These sports gears should be appropriately used during practice and competitions. Some of the wearable gears are discussed below:
Mouth guards
Mouth guards are used to protect the mouth, teeth and tongue. These are mostly used in contact sports such as volleyball, boxing, martial arts, hockey, etc. Nowadays, mouth guards are also recommended for non-competitive sports.
Helmets
Helmets are very vital in various sports such as football, hockey, skiing, baseball, cricket, etc. Helmets protect our heads from getting hit. Head injuries are usually most fatal and most difficult to recover from.
Pads
There are different types of pads for our body parts such as pads for chin, elbows, knees, wrists, shoulders, chest, etc. These parts are also essential to be protected from getting injured.
Eye shields
Eyes are the most sensitive part of our body. An injury to the eye can lead to temporary or permanent blindness, that is why eye protection should be taken very seriously. These eye shields are made from polycarbonate which have high impact resistance. Eyeshields are mostly used in ice hockey, softball, baseball, skiing, etc.
Protective cups
Football, hockey, basketball and soccer require you to wear a protective cup to protect testicles.
Wrist, elbow, knee and chin guards
Such guards protect our bones from fractures in such sports where you are at maximum risks of falling. Wearing such guards is highly advisable as they reduce the chances of serious injuries. These guards should be used according to your size.
Footwear
Footwear is also essential for the safety of sportspersons. The correct safety shoes keep athletes from tripping, falling or twisting their feet. Various sports like football, softball and baseball require the use of cleats. Other games/sports require different types of footwear. Your footwear should not be warm. Always make sure that you have the right size of footwear. So wearing the right equipment definitely reduces the chances of getting injured.
The main aim to wear such gears and equipment is to keep yourself safe during practice and competitions because injuries can happen anytime and to anyone in sports.
Technological Advancements
Technological advancements have changed the very facet of life. Technological advancements have had a deep impact in the field of games and sports. It has changed the way of analysis of sports performance. It has enabled coaches to improve the quality of feedback to athletes/sportspersons. It has also increased the accuracy in time measurements of sports performance. Owing to the advancements in technology in the field of sports, it has enabled referees as well as umpires and other sports officials to make accurate decisions on the rule infringements. It has provided help in improving the design of sports equipment. Along with this, better viewing of sports performance is being provided owing to technological advancements. The description of various technological advancement in the field of sports is mentioned below:
Sensors
Sensors can be used for tracking health and biometrics to deliver the real time results to scoreboards. There are various types of sensors which provide beneficial information to athletes during training. Heart rate monitors are used to track pulse and breathing rates. Inertial sensors perform human motion analysis. They can be used for recovery after injuries. Some sensors monitor position, rotation, acceleration and speed of athletes/sportspersons. Sleep trackers are used to monitor sleep patterns. The use of such monitors not only helps in tracking health and fitness data to optimise sports performance but they are also used to prevent injuries by predicting risky movements.
Instant Replay
With the help of this technological advancement, sports officials are able to re-examine what happened during a play in case of any controversial sports moments. It is most probably used in cricket, football, rugby. It is also used in combative sports and martial arts.
Sports Equipment
The technological advancement in sports equipment is seen not only in the change of traditional items like treadmills but also seen in performance tracking systems. Nowadays, there are smart workout equipment such as treadmill and dumb bells. They provide unique performance data and help monitor. They enhance efficiency and even help in avoiding injuries. Some equipment like full-body swimwear minimises drag through water and hence improves performance.
Digital Media
Due to technological advancements in the field of sports, the coverage in sports has become more extensive than ever before. News updates are sent quickly to smart phones. Now athletes are able to improve their skills. They can view and analyse videos of themselves in action. They can easily learn to improve techniques. This technological advancement assists athletes and coaches in viewing the plays and motion of the game. This technology can be used to watch how the opposing team plays, too.
Injury prevention and Rehabilitation
Technological advancement has made it possible to avoid injuries in different sports. For e.g., use of sensors in different protective equipment. It has also made it possible to rehabilitate injuries better through the use of digital modelling which helps in finding out the source of injuries to body parts.
Virtual Reality
Virtual reality is being used to improve sport performance of players and give fans a better viewing experience.
In conclusion, it can be said that in the world of sports, technological advancement is preparing better athletes/players and keeping them safer on the sports field. This technology is going to play a very significant part in sports in the future.
MEANING AND DEFINITIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
According to H C Buck, "Physical education is the part of general education programme, which is considered with growth, development and education of children through the medium of big muscle activities.
It is the education of the whole child by means of physical activities. Physical activities are the tools. They are so selected and conducted as to influence every child's life physically, mentally, emotionally and morally."
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
The aim of physical education is the wholesome development of an individual.
Physical Development
The main objective of physical education is physical development. Physical education is related to several physical activities. When we do any physical activity, it affects our different body systems-blood circulation, respiratory system, muscular system, digestive system, etc. It results in the development of the size and shape of organs. It is helpful to make your body healthy and strong. If our body systems are fine and healthy, only then we shall be able to do our work efficiently and be safe from several diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and arthritis. For e.g.. Running increases the heart rate which helps the blood to flow efficiently through the whole body.
Mental Development
This objective is related to mental development. There should be some activities in physical education to keep our brain alert and concentrated. Now-a-days, physical education is not related to physical exercises only but it also includes rules of game, principles, structures of body, balanced diet, healthy and disease free body, personal cleanliness, etc. These physical activities sharpen the brain. By taking part in physical activities a person learns to tackle various situations. During sports, many situations occur in which a player takes his/her self-decision. So, this results in their mental development and decreases the stress level.
Social Development
This objective of physical education is related to social skills which are helpful in coordination. During a competition, players of different regions come together on a single platform. So, they learn cooperation, support, respect, good sportsmanship, etc. through these skills, players can make their nation healthy and strong.
Emotional Development
The objective of physical education is to make an individual emotionally developed through physical activity. A man is endowed with different emotions like happiness, jealousy, hope, despair, joy, fear, loneliness, weal and woe, etc. If they do not control these emotions, then there will be no place for them in the society, which can be harmful for them. Physical education programmes develop these emotions and teach us to control them.
Spiritual Development
The objective of physical education for an individual is to reflect time and again to evaluate their experiences to allow them to build a positive mindset and promote progression.
CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Teaching Career Sector
Primary Schools
There should be physical education in primary schools because children can be taught an Skills attitudes in an efficient manner. Physical education makes all-round development of children so that they become creative, their self-confidence boosts and they progress meaningfully. So, children should learn different activities like running, jumping, throwing, catching, kicking, etc.
Middle Schools
In middle schools, there are lots of opportunities for the teachers of physical education. But these are only in big cities where they are related to CBSE. In these schools, there are different syllabi for the students of classes 6, 7 and 8. But in government schools, this subject is mandatory. Sports activities like the basics of all major games such as Football, Basketball, Cricket, Khokho, Kabaddi, etc. should be taught.
High Schools
There are lots of opportunities in the field of physical education in government as well as private schools. In these schools, the teachers have to make children do theory as well as practical work. Apart from this, teams are prepared for inter-school competitions. For 9th class onwards, Health and Physical Education (HPE) has become compulsory.
Senior Secondary Schools
In these schools, job opportunities in the field of physical education are galore. The teachers make students do theory and practical work. The teachers have to maintain discipline as well. They have to prepare teams for inter-school competitions.
Colleges and Universities
In some colleges various professional courses are run in the field of physical education like B.P.E., B.Sc. Physical Education, B.P.Ed., M.P.Ed, M.Phil., etc. Physical education is also being taught as a main
elective subject in different undergraduate courses along with the preparations of teams of different sports.
Coaching Career Sector
There are job opportunities available in the field of physical education as coaches/trainers because training develops the confidence, dedication and team spirit in players. Coaches help the players to get success. They are ideal for players on and outside the field. These opportunities are available both in schools and sports clubs. A coach is required in a school to train students in the field of physical education. A coach can be appointed only for coaching a team. In colleges and universities, coaches are required to train different teams for various competitions. Apart from this, there are coaching jobs available in sports clubs, hotels, professional teams, social parks and government sectors. There are advantages and disadvantages of this profession.
Health Related Career Sector
In the modern world, people are more aware of their health related issues. Each and every person is aware of his health. He wants to remain hale and hearty. He wants to keep away from blood pressure, heart attack, heart problem, obesity, diabetes, etc. He wants to adopt a healthy lifestyle. So, there is an increase in job opportunities in health-related careers in the field of physical education.
There are different games, such as squash, tennis, swimming, sauna bath, steam rooms, massage, etc. Apart from these, the facilities of saunas, steam rooms and massage are also available. Here, customers are instructed with regards to their activities, diet and nutrition as well, so that they may achieve their goals. As there is an increase in awareness related to fitness and wellness, there are more and more job opportunities in this field.
Physiotherapist
They treat the player's prolonged diseases, pain and injuries. They are also experts in treatment and rehabilitation.
Sports Dietician
They suggest the diet elements to increase the health and performance of players. They can work as the professional dietician Of national and international teams, gyms and clubs.
Sports Psychologist
They set up a relationship between the healthy mind and body of players. They treat the problems, such as anxiety, stress and low confidence level by observing the performance of players and their behaviour Off the field.
Athletic Trainer
They make a list of exercises after training which helps the players to overcome pain and improve playing capability. But they work under guidance of a Physiotherapist. So, it can be said that there are a lot of job opportunities in this field of physical education, but the scope is limited in India.
Performance Related Career Sector
The performance related careers are as follows:
As Players
Players take part at different levels like inter-college, inter-school, district level, state level, national, international level and in olympics. The players' who become successful in sports competitions, are able to make their careers as players. In India, scholarships are given to good players. For good players, various government and nongovernment companies like
defence services, banks, airlines, railways, etc. Offer the job opportunities. There are many such examples in cricket as well in India like Virat Kohli, M.S. Dhoni etc.
As Officials
Good management of any sports or games depends upon efficient and talented officials. A player plays and performs for 10 or less years. Afterwards, these players make their career as officials because they have come to learn about the game thoroughly. So, the job opportunities are part-time or full-time as officials-referee, umpire, time-keeper, recorder, scorer, etc. Their requirement depends on the competitions to be held every year. It is also a good job opportunity related to sports.
Careers in Sector
The various means of communication-T.V., radio, newspaper, magazine, etc. have contributed a lot in covering sports events and promoting them far and worldwide. TV channels-Star Sports, Star Cricket, Ten Sports, etc.
Sports Journalism
The person who has the ability to write can choose their careers in sports journalism. Sports correspondents have the opportunity to work in unison with different newspapers and magazines because these journals print sports news boldly and in an efficient manner. Sports correspondents can write articles, etc. related to any sports. Covering a sports event is an important part of this career. Apart from this, interviewing coaches/players is also the duty of sports correspondents.
Book Writing
Books on physical education are quite less in India. So, there are more opportunities for writing. If a person has good knowledge of sports biomechanics, sports sociology, sports medicine, exercise physiology, research methods, sports psychology, sports philosophy, sports pedagogy, sports management, etc., he can write books and make his career. But he should have a flair for writing, concentration, focus, deep knowledge, etc.
Sports Photography
This career is suitable for those people who are keen to click photographs of sports events. But they must be highly skilled in sports photography. They can get excellent opportunities in working with sports magazines and journals. But sports photography requires patience. They should know the best angle for taking photographs. They should have sound knowledge of projections, trajectory and other important terms in the field of photography.
Book Publishing
Book publishing is also a good option in the field of physical education. But the book publisher should have sound knowledge of physical education and its sub-disciplines, i.e., health education, recreation and other related subjects. For such work, one needs the knowledge of physical education, writing and other related skills. Some people are required in the sales area. Their duty is to sell books across the country. For this, they should have the knowledge of physical education and the price for the books available in the market. They should have an understanding of the market and sales. So, one can make a career in book publishing as well.
Sports Broadcasting
Sports broadcasting has also become a popular career. It includes TV, radio, cable TV for local, regional and national levels, etc. A career can be made in this field. One should not Only have a sound knowledge of sports but also have an excellent appealing voice. The players/people anticipated that this career should have the knowledge of skills, rules and other related disciplines. A reporter should study physical education in such a manner as how players prepare themselves for sports competitions. A reporter should have the knowledge of sports because people treat him as an expert in the field. He should not feel shy while speaking in front of a camera or microphone. He should have excellent speaking skills. He should have knowledge of all sports- football, volleyball, basketball, hockey, cricket etc. and also have a sound knowledge of the background of each player.
Marketing of Sports Equipment
With the increase in interest for sports, health and physical activities, there is also an increase in the sale of sports equipment. Now, companies hire people who have knowledge of physical activities and can endorse sports equipment keeping in mind the needs and demand of sports equipment in today's changing world. A consumer expects a salesman to be an expert in all sports equipment. Salesmen should have the knowledge of the needs of customers and knowledge of sports equipment. Here, the career opportunities are galore because there is more interest in physical activities, sports and fitness.
Sports Industry
There are lots of opportunities for making a career in the sports industry. Sports equipment and clothes are always in demand so that players can perform better during complications and practice. A player can establish a sports industry at a low level. It can be related to T-shirts, track suits and shoes. But one should have the knowledge of designs as well. As a few years ago athletes used loose shorts but now they use skin fit because it decreases the air resistance. So, we can say that in the field skin fit shorts keep the athletes more fit and agile in comparison to the earlier time.
Khelo India Program
History
On 31st January, 2018 the Prime Minister Narendra Modi, inaugurated Khelo-India school games at the opening ceremony based on Guru-Shishya tradition held at Indira Gandhi Stadium, New Delhi.
Selection Criteria
Only selected school kids below the age of 17 years are eligible to compete in the individual sports. Top 8 sports persons from the school games federation Of India's National School Games. 4 nominations from federation, one from Central Board Of Secondary Education, One from the host state and one from the organising committee will be selected. For Archery, Badminton and Shooting, the top 16 from the National School Games, 8 nominations by the federation, one from CBSE, one from host state, one from organising committee, and 6 from wild cards will be selected.
Aim of the Khelo-India Program
"To make popular the rural, indigenous and the Tribal sport/Games to disseminate information and pique the curiosity of the present generation about these games and also to encourage children and youth to take up these games in a major way, paving way for their mainstreaming.
Objectiveness of Schemes
To encourage, promote and popularise the indigenous sports and games and those played in the rural and tribal areas of the country.
FIT INDIA PROGRAMME
FIT INDIA Movement was launched on 29th August, 2019 by the Honourable Prime Minister with a view to make fitness an integral part of our daily lives. The mission of the Movement is to bring about behavioural changes and move towards a more physically active lifestyle. Towards achieving this mission, Fit India proposes to undertake various initiatives and conduct events to achieve the following objectives:
To promote fitness as easy, fun and free.
To spread awareness on fitness and various physical activities that promote fitness through focused campaigns.
To encourage indigenous sports.
To make fitness reach every school, college/university, panchayat/village, etc.
To create a platform for citizens of India to share information, drive awareness and encourage sharing of personal fitness stories
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